TWO THUMBS UP TO JOHN BANKA, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS


TWO THUMBS UP TO JOHN BANKA, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO -HYDROGN FUEL CELLS 
Below are John Banka's suggstions re: renewable energy 

It’s time to focus on a new industrial strategy on fuel cells
Toronto StarJune 10, 2020 John Banka, MASc, University of Toronto

" Here is a strategy that the Ontario government can pursue: The days of vehicles powered by the internal combustion engine (ICE) are numbered; perhaps two decades remain.

Batteries will not replace ICEs, at least not in a cold climate, because of cold weather range impairment.
 Nor will hydrogen in either gaseous or liquid form (work), because of handling and distribution issues.
 Remember the historic Hindenburg disaster?

Hydrogen fuel cells using liquid anhydrous ammonia as the fuel are a better fit for Canada and the world. 
Liquid ammonia has a considerably higher hydrogen density than compressed hydrogen at the same pressure and is much safer to handle; the hydrogen can be liberated through electrolysis immediately before use.
 Emissions are zilch!

This is a completely green fuel system if the ammonia is made using clean electricity; less than 28 GJ (gigajoules) of energy are needed to make one kilogram of ammonia.
 This can be done in part through using surplus electricity that is available at night, the same electricity that over the past 10 years has been dumped onto the North American grid for whatever it would fetch, often at negative prices, costing Ontario ratepayers billions added to the Global Adjustment on their hydro bills. 
The cost of making ammonia with surplus electricity is under 40 cents per litre (0.73 kg), Compare that to the cost of gasoline! 
The range with ammonia (fuel cell) or gasoline (ICE) are almost identical, all other things being equal.

For what are we waiting? 
Let’s innovate and get a few steps ahead of our American friends! 
Research is needed now." 




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